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Online misogyny and violent extremism report
Te Mana Whakaatu | the Classification Office has published new research about online misogyny and violent extremism in Aotearoa. The research looked at Aotearoa and international research, the work of the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) team at the Classification Office and case studies of content on fringe platforms.
The Classification office published the research through the in-depth online report Online Misogyny and Violent Extremism: Understanding the Landscape (2024). They have also published a downloadable Summary Report - Online Misogyny and Violent Extremism Understanding the Landscape (2024).
The online report provides a comprehensive overview of what is known about the links between online misogyny and violent extremism in Aotearoa and how that relates internationally. It covers 5 areas:
- misogyny and violent extremism (including male supremacy, incel, and violent extremism ideologies that overlap)
- the role of technology and online platforms
- intersectionality and misogyny
- online abuse and harassment of women and girls
- government responses.
In each area there are references and suggestions for further reading. The summary report provides a briefer high level overview of key findings, gaps and potential responses.
The media release highlighted 3 key findings from the research:
- "The threats posed by incel (involuntary celibate) ideology, along with other misogynistic and male supremacist ideologies, is becoming more widely recognised.
- New trends in extremist beliefs are emerging, particularly among boys and young men. These include individuals adopting mixed and unstable beliefs as well as some who are not tied to any specific ideology but are drawn solely to violence itself.
- Algorithms amplify misogynistic and extremist content, making it easier for vulnerable people to encounter and possibly adopt more extreme ideologies."
Additional findings and trends from the research include:
- girls and women are more likely to experience online violence including more severe violence and gender-based violence, and this spans a continuum across online and offline violence
- people with intersecting identities experience intensified harm from combined experiences of misogyny with other forms of discrimination and hate including racism, religious bigotry, antisemitism, Islamophobia, sectarianism, transphobia, homophobia, and ableism
- changes in technology including AI-generated deepfake images are enabling new forms of online violence and new tools for people who use violence
- gendered disinformation is increasing with significant impacts to girls and women in leadership including journalists, political leaders and public figures
- extremist misogynistic beliefs often intertwine with other beliefs including racism, anti-government conspiracy theories, anti-immigrant and anti-LGBTIQ+ beliefs
- a growing trend of individuals who do not adhere to one ideology, noting "The lack of a clearly defined incel community in New Zealand seems to lead many individuals towards (white) Identity-Motivated Violent Extremism" (see Section 2.1 Misogyny and violent extremism - Male supremacy and inceldom in the online report)
- international research shows a significant correlation between hostile sexism, support for extremist ideologies and domestic violence
- there can be crossover online between extremist and misogynist groups and online child sexual abuse and exploitation.
The research also looks at how governments from other countries have responded to online misogyny. This includes regulatory frameworks, changes to hate offences and classifying misogynistic extremist ideologies as violent extremism. The research also looked at responses from technology platforms.
The research was prompted by trends the Classification Office had observed in their work. Chief Censor Caroline Flora said:
"Through our daily classification work we saw a common thread of misogyny in the propaganda of extremists who had committed mass violence and murder. This research exercise deepened our concern: misogyny online is pervasive; it is threatening, and it is harmful."
She also commented on one of the gaps identified in the research saying:
"There are no standard methods for collecting and analysing data on online misogyny across government agencies and NGOs."
Responding to the report and online resource, Te Kāhui Tika Tangata Human Rights Commission wrote:
"It’s clear that action and safeguards to promote and protect the human rights of all people to access the internet without being subjected to harm or discrimination are needed."
Related news
In May 2024 Minister of Internal Affairs Brooke van Velden announced that Te Tari Taiwhenua | Department of Internal Affairs would not be progressing further work on the Safer Online Services and Media Platforms. In response to the news, Vivien Maidaborn, tumu whakarae | chief executive of InternetNZ, wrote an op ed on how internet regulation is urgently needed.
The purpose of the Safer Online Services and Media Platforms work was to improve the regulation of online services and media platforms. The goal was to improve safety for all New Zealanders, with a particular focus on minimising content harms for children and young people, including online child exploitation and other forms of online violence. This work involved a public consultation. You can read our submission for that consultation and see a recording from a webinar we hosted and related resources.
Te Kāhui Tika Tangata | Human Rights Commission published the independent report, How to improve the Aotearoa New Zealand Code of Practice for Online Safety and Harms? in December 2023. The report looks at how the Code of Practice could be improved to address Te Tiriti and human rights. The Code is a voluntary code signed by Meta (Facebook and Instagram), Google (including YouTube), Tiktok, Twitch, and Twitter (now X) to guide how these tech companies manage online harm in Aotearoa. Anjum Rahman, Founder and Project Co-Lead of Inclusive Aotearoa Collective Tāhono, spoke with radio 531pi about the report and issues with the Code. Aliya 'Allyn' Danzeisen, National Coordinator for Islamic Women's Council New Zealand, was recently interviewed about digital responsibility and the part the government needs to play.
The 2023 report from the World Internet Project (NZ) found that 61% of people believed social media companies should be more strongly regulated than they are now. See media outlet The Press's article Most Kiwis spending at least 5 hours a day online but trust in social media low.
Related media
Internal Affairs job cuts will lead to more Kiwis being scammed online, union says, RNZ, 19.06.2024
Dozens more jobs axed at Department of Internal Affairs, Stuff, 19.06.2024
CHAT: Minister refuses to guarantee jobs in child exploitation area, Duncan Garner, 19.06.2024
30,000 websites to be blocked over child sex abuse material, RNZ, 19.06.2024
Improvements to stopping Digital Child Exploitation, Beehive media release, 18.06.2024
Terrorism and violent extremism research funding cut by two-thirds, RNZ, 05.06.2024
Media oversight one-stop-shop stopped, RNZ, 19.05.2024
Alarm bells sound over online misogyny, extremist content, One News, 13.05.2024
Government swerves away from tackling online ‘industrial-grade’ violence, The Post, 12.05.2024
Internal Affairs scraps ambitious plan to clean up the internet, The Post, 10.05.2024
Abuse of MPs increased to 98% in 2022 - study, RNZ, 17.04.2024
The rise and rise of intolerance in the online world, The Press, 29.03.2024
Regulation needed for online media giants, Waatea News, 30.11.2023
Indigenous women share racist online experiences at conference, Te Karere TVNZ, 29.10.2023
Amokura Panoho | Member of Te Pūkotahitanga, Waatea News, 25.10.2023
The harsh and unregulated reality of online safety for indigenous women, NZ Herald, 25.10.2023
'Rampant' increase of digital harm on indigenous women, conference told, Stuff, 25.10.2023
Call for proposals for TOAH-NNEST conference
Te Ōhaakii ā Hine – National Network for Ending Sexual Violence Together (TOAH-NNEST) is inviting proposals for presentations and workshops for the bi-annual National Sexual Violence Conference.
Proposals are due by 20 June 2024. This date has been extended from the original date in the call for proposals.
The conference will be held in Christchurch from 19-20 November 2024. The theme of the conference “Te Tāmata Tipu” is about restoring growth and vitality. The TOAH-NNEST call for proposals explains:
"Tāmata is to cultivate and work the soil and tipu is the seedling. Te Tāmata Tipu is about creating the conditions for the seedlings to grow again and prosper. There have been some challenging conditions, and it is imperative to ensure the soils are right for them to grow and thrive. This theme was gifted to us by Dr Eruera Tarena (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Porou, Te Whānau-ā-Apanui)."
The conference aims to bring together people working in mahi tūkino | sexual violence to build relationships, workshop, share knowledge and learn. People working in sexual violence, academics, researchers, practitioners, educators, activists, and policy makers are invited to submit proposals.
The call for proposals notes that TOAH-NNEST is seeking "...proposals that include an understanding of Te Ao Māori and reflect the diversity of those impacted by mahi tūkino. We are looking for exciting and inspiring ideas, collaborative approaches, and responses to ending mahi tūkino, prevention, healing, justice, and community leadership among Māori and Tauiwi."
For questions contact TOAH-NNEST at svconference2024@toah-nnest.org.nz.
Symposium on rough sex, choking and strangulation
Medical Sexual Assault Clinicians Aotearoa (MEDSAC) are facilitating and hosting a national, cross-sector, ‘Rough Sex’/'Choking'/Strangulation Symposium in Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara | Wellington on 29 November 2024. MEDSAC is facilitating the symposium with a rōpū including Nikki Denholm, Samantha Keene, Nicola Gavey and Melanie Beres. Details for the symposium are still be finalised. For questions or to stay up to date on the symposium, contact admin@medsac.org.nz.
Budget 2024
In announcing the Budget, the Government emphasised tax relief through savings from the public sector, and funding for frontline services in health, education and law and order, with Prime Minister Christopher Luxon saying:
"By identifying billions of dollars of lower-value spending across the public sector, we have both been able to deliver meaningful tax relief to support Kiwis with the cost of living and invest in key frontline services like healthcare, schools, and the Police.”
In her Budget speech, Finance Minister Nicola Willis said:
"Ministers and their departments have gone line by line through the spending areas they are responsible for. This scrutiny has resulted in more than 240 savings initiatives. Some amount to a few hundred thousand dollars a year, while others save tens of millions. Some reduce the amount of funding available for a particular activity, while others stop things completely."
The Budget 2024 Summary of Initiatives provides a complete list by vote of initiatives that includes 3 types of funding: 1) increased funding for existing initiatives, 2) new funding and 3) savings through of return existing funding.
Additional detail can be found in estimates by Departments and Offices of Parliament Administering Votes. For example see:
- Vote Justice which includes funding related to Te Puna Aonui under the Ministry of Justice estimates.
- Vote Social Development which includes funding related to services for victims and perpetrators of family violence and sexual violence, and work actioned under Te Aorerekura.
- Vote Oranga Tamariki.
The key items below are drawn from the Summary of Initiatives.
New or increased funding:
New or increased funding related to the family violence and sexual violence sector includes:
- Oranga Tamariki - new funding to address serious youth offending through "a new legislative category in the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 and a military-style academy pilot"; new funding to continue the Fast Track Youth Offending programme and expand it to 14 to 17 year-olds; new funding to upgrade case and care management digital systems; increased funding for the Crown Response Unit to enable the Crown to respond to the Abuse in Care Royal Commission of Inquiry final report and recommendations; increased funding to cover increased demand and costs for High Needs Children Services that provides specialised caregiving services for disabled children and young people with high support needs in Oranga Tamariki’s care; increased funding to address remuneration for frontline staff.
- Historical claims of abuse in care - 2 years of time-limited funding to enable the Ministry of Social Development to resolve a further 2,000 claims of historic abuse of people in care.
- Disability Support Services - $1.1 billion for Whaikaha — Ministry of Disabled People for continued support to disabled people and their families.
- Te Ao Mārama programme - funding to potentially expand the programme to additional sites but initially held "...in contingency while the Ministry of Justice focuses on the implementation of the programme in existing sites and gathers information about effectiveness".
- Mental Health and Addiction Community Sector Innovation Fund - funding for a national Mental Health and Addiction Community Sector Innovation Fund for community organisations to apply for funding of innovative time-limited approaches to address mental health and wellbeing needs.
- Financial grants to victims of serious crime - operating funding to increase financial grants to victims of serious crime.
- Police - one year of time-limited funding to address cost pressures and previously announced additional frontline police.
- Corrections - previously announced increased funding for frontline staff and expanding prison capacity; new funding held in contingency to extend access to rehabilitation programmes for remand prisoners (the Summary of Initiatives notes "The funding will be drawn down pending a comprehensive review of rehabilitation services and an implementation plan based on this review.").
- Courts - previously announced funding for Courts to implement the reintroduction of the 3 strikes regime to sentencing and to implement the "the Government’s crackdown on gangs" - this includes "...banning of gang insignia in public places, greater powers to stop gangs associating and giving greater weight to gang membership at sentencing".
- Social investment approach - previously announced funding to implement a social investment approach, to establish the Social Investment Fund, to establish a new Social Investment Agency, and to "...support devolution of social services to regional partners and support better use of government administrative data".
- Social housing - previously announced funding for 1,500 social housing places to be provided through Community Housing Providers.
For more information see the government media releases below.
Savings through return of existing funding:
There is limited detail about the cost savings in the Summary of Initiatives. It often refers to improving efficiencies, reducing workforce or unused contingency funds without identifying specific areas of work that will be affected. It does not necessarily reflect stopping or discontinuing services, unless specifically stated. Again, some detail can be found in the estimates by Departments and Offices of Parliament Administering Votes.
For example, under the Justice Vote, it notes a savings of $461,000 over 4 years related to the Prevention of Family Violence and Sexual Violence (page 62). Other areas of savings in the Justice Vote include the Criminal Cases Review Commission, Human Rights Commission, Justice Sector Directorate, Legal Aid, the Mana Ōrite Agreement between the Justice Sector Leadership Board and Ināia Tonu Nei, and the victims of crime improving outcomes operating model.
In the Oranga Tamariki Vote it notes $120 million in cost savings over 4 years from "Contracting Service Costs" and states:
"This savings initiative returns funding from contracts with third-party providers. These will be drawn from under-utilised services and fee-for-service arrangements, which will be replaced by more efficient and consistent formal arrangements. This initiative improves the efficiency of service delivery, with no reduction in frontline services."
Savings at the Ministry for Women included rescoping the policy work programme, stating:
"This savings initiative returns funding by reducing the scope of the existing policy work programme to align with Government priorities. It includes reducing investment on in-house data and insights capability, reducing contributions to the Public Service Commission’s Equal Pay Taskforce and reducing expenditure on the refresh of the Bringing Gender In tool."
Other areas related to the sector where savings are identified include Crown Law Office workforce, Crown Prosecution Service, closure of the Government Centre for Dispute Resolution, research funds (for example Marsden and Health Research), Court and Coronial Services Initiatives (including Court interpreters), the Ministry of Justice Cultural Capability programme, initiatives related to emergency housing and Rangatahi Youth Transitional Housing, the National Centre of Research Excellence for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, closure of the Ministry of Social Development's Community Innovation Fund, discontinuation of the Living in Aotearoa Survey, and Workforce Development Councils.
The Summary of Initiatives also includes the list of savings by department across all government departments under the Government's initiative requiring agencies to identify either a 6.5% or 7.5% savings. The Executive Board for the Elimination of Family Violence and Sexual Violence identified $1.3 million operating annual average savings across 5 years to reach the 6.5% target, but Table 4 of the Summary of Initiatives shows there is no baseline reduction. Media outlet Stuff reported that these cuts would not be going ahead.
Also see our previous news story identifying potential impacts from budget cuts for government agencies.
Government media releases related to Budget 2024
- Budget Update: Pacific Peoples, Ministry for Pacific Peoples news, 31.05.2024
- Budget investment in disability welcomed, Whaikaha — Ministry of Disabled People news, 30.05.2024
- Budget 2024, Ministry of Social Development Media Release, 30.05.2024
- Ministry of Justice - Budget 2024, Ministry of Justice News, 30.05.2024
- $1.1 billion investment to support disabled people, Beehive Media Release, 30.05.2024 (see the related Budget 2024 Fact Sheet on funding for Whaikaha)
- 500 more Police to improve public safety, Beehive Media Release, 30.05.2024
- Budget backs Police on the front line, Beehive Media Release, 30.05.2024 (see the related Budget 2024 Fact Sheet on funding for Police)
- Budget assures funding for Te Matatini, Beehive Media Release, 30.05.2024
- New social housing places to support families into homes, Beehive Media Release, 24.05.2024
- Government invests in 1,500 more social homes, Beehive Media Release, 22.05.2024
- $24 million boost for Gumboot Friday, Beehive Media Release, 22.05.2024
- Minister welcomes Police gang unit, Beehive Media Release, 14.05.2024
- Accelerating Social Investment, Beehive Media Release, 09.05.2024
- $1.9 billion investment to keep NZ safe from crime, Beehive Media Release, 06.05.2024
Community and advocate responses
Advocates and sector representatives have raised concerns about the impacts of the savings cuts and the focus of funding in Budget 2024:
Social Service Providers Te Pai Ora o Aotearoa (Te Pai Ora SSPA) said "...it does not see a clear direction for community-based social service providers around Aotearoa New Zealand in Budget 2024." Te Pai Ora SSPA Chief Executive Belinda Himiona said:
"The reduction in funding for contracting through Oranga Tamariki in effect sets a savings target but we have not seen a reduction in the need for these services. We need to know the extent of funding decreases to understand the impact this will have on frontline services for families, communities and providers."
She also said:
"Critical to the success of community-based social services is a well-paid and valued workforce. It is disappointing that even after the social worker pay equity settlement and extension process, we again see our workforce undervalued and not given a pay increase equivalent to the Oranga Tamariki staffing increase signaled in this Budget."
Hui E Community Aotearoa highlighted how the budget cuts will impact the tangata whenua, community and voluntary sector:
"Funds that communities have been able to access in the wake of COVID-19 and climate emergency events have fallen off a cliff, such as the end of the $35 million cultural sector COVID-19 funding and a $30 million decrease in funding for Community Connection services, despite organisations reporting high levels of continued need.
Less visible are the ripples out to small organisations and groups that will be competing for reduced funding at the same time as facing this increased need. Community sport programmes, community-led development, budgeting services and community-based justice services are some of those affected. The Māori Development Fund has been cut by more than half and across Community Support Services the non-renewal of contracts expiring in June this year foreshadows further cuts.
Cuts to the public sector mean reductions in roles and capacity to engage with the tangata whenua, community and voluntary sector, and the inclusion of community voice in decision-making. Also notable is reduced funding to lift procurement capability across the public sector. Complex application and monitoring processes have been a long-term bugbear of community organisations."
Te Kāhui Tika Tangata Human Rights Commission raised many concerns about lack of funding and cuts to government agencies noting a lack of funding for Māori development, lack of support for Rainbow Communities, not renewing dedicated funding and support for families affected by the March 15 terror attacks in Christchurch, and impacts from reduced funding to Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry for Pacific Peoples and the Ministry for Ethnic Communities. Acting Chief Human Rights Commissioner Dr Saunoamaali’i Karanina Sumeo said:
“We encourage the Government to commit to te Tiriti o Waitangi and human rights and prioritise investment in communities already living with poor health, social, economic, education and criminal justice outcomes.”
Julia Whaipooti, Te Kāhui Tika Tangata Human Rights Commission's tatau urutahi | shared leader, wrote an op ed for RNZ, Budget 2024 does not fulfil te Tiriti obligations. See further information in the related media about how the Budget fails to meet the needs of Māori.
New Zealand Disability Support Network CEO Peter Reynolds said:
"We see the $1.1 billion allocated in the Budget to ‘address demand’ as code for meeting growth or inflation costs only. No-one’s support quality or availability will increase. It sounds like a lot of money but unfortunately it won’t cover providers’ cost increases for very long."
The Child Poverty Action Group raised concerns about how the Budget would contribute to rising child poverty, and fails to meet the financial needs for disability services. For more information see the Government's Child Poverty Report 2024, included in Budget 2024.
The New Zealand Law Society's overview of Budget 2024 for the legal profession highlights concerns with legal aid and future changes to youth offending, among other issues.
Update: UNICEF Aotearoa acting CEO Laura Bond said:
"Every day, across Aotearoa, children and young people are looking for opportunities to have a say in their own futures. The Government has obligations as a signatory to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to ensure they listen to children, their needs are met and their rights are upheld."
"The Government showed its hand in this Budget, leaving children and young people out. It risks falling short of its obligations to children and young people. Now is the time for our leaders to engage with the youth of Aotearoa as a matter of urgency."
See further criticisms and commentary in the related media below.
Related research
Researchers from the UK interviewed leaders in the specialist sexual violence sector about their experiences with funding and commissioning as part of a 3 year research project. Their article outlines how funding and commissioning dynamics push individuals to the edge of service sustainability, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being. They highlight that too frequently funding and commissioning frameworks don't work in ways that sustain sexual violence services. They advocate for:
"...commissioners and funders to make it easier for SVSSV services, including minoritized women services, to work in partnership to build capacity and strengthen structures for referral and multiagency working. Such approaches would serve to promote unity over competition, collaboration in the envisaging of new approaches to service sustainability and exploration of formal partnership/consortia working to expand the size, scope, reach, intersectional approach, and voice of specialist provision."
Read the full article Working the Edge: The Emotional Experiences of Commissioning and Funding Arrangements for Service Leaders in the Sexual Violence Voluntary Sector (2024) published in the Viole
Te Puna Aonui and ACC workforce survey open
Te Puna Aonui and ACC are inviting people to give feedback through the Agents of Change Survey.
The online survey is open until 17 June 2024 21 June 2024.
The survey is for anyone working to prevent and respond to family violence and sexual violence in Aotearoa. This includes people who contribute to individual and community wellbeing and equity. It also includes people who may not work directly in violence, but come into contact with people experiencing violence or harmful behaviours.
The purpose of the survey is to better understand who is working in family violence and sexual violence, and what is needed to strengthen the workforce.
The survey asks questions about your work, training, capabilities, and demographic questions. You may also get questions about the systems designed to prevent violence and harm. The survey should take 15 to 25 minutes.
Verian (formerly Kantar Public) is helping run the survey – this includes securely collecting and processing the survey responses. Verian is an independent research company.
To learn more about the survey see the survey Frequently Asked Questions.
If you have questions or would like help filling out the survey, contact Te Puna Aonui at relationships@tepunaaonui.govt.nz.
Related news
He Whare Wāhine through Te Rau Ora are running a survey for kaimahi Māori to share feedback through a national workforce development survey. The survey is designed for Kaimahi Māori working with whānau living with violence or working in the family violence and sexual violence sectors. Te Rau Ora was commissioned by Te Pūkotahitanga, the Tangata Whenua Ministerial Advisory Group, to gather insights from kaimahi Māori about workforce development. Te Rau Ora is researching ways to understand and strengthen the family violence and sexual violence workforce in Aotearoa. This survey is open until 30 June 2024. This is a separate survey from the Agents of Change Survey. Kaimahi Māori are encouraged to fill out both surveys. Learn more in our news story Survey and consultation for kaimahi Māori.
The Ministry of Social Development has published A report outlining family violence and sexual violence service gaps in Aotearoa (2024) on the Te Puna Aonui website. The report outlines gaps in family violence and sexual violence services. It also outlines a potential approach to address those gaps. This work is part of addressing Actions 29 and 30 of Te Aorerekura Action Plan, and involved public consultation to identify service gaps in March - May 2023. The report identifies gaps in 5 broad areas:
- family violence and sexual violence workforce capability
- gaps in holistic services (identified as "whānau-centred, wrap-around support from early intervention to long term health")
- sexual violence service gaps
- gaps in accessibility of safe houses and availability of emergency accommodation
- expanding and developing tailored services to meet the needs of tangata whenua and people from diverse communities.

This is part 1 of a 3-part series that provides an overview and background related to section 7AA, and the care and protection system in Aotearoa. Part 2 looks at Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA and Iwi partnerships. Part 3 looks at Child care and protection in Aotearoa: history of institutional racism and calls for transformation.
Legislation introduced to repeal Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA, Submissions open
Minister for Children, Karen Chhour, introduced the legislation, Oranga Tamariki (Repeal of Section 7AA) Amendment Bill on 12 May 2024.
Submissions are open on the legislation. They are due by 3 July 2024.
In announcing the legislation, Minister Chhour said "Removing s7AA from the Act reinforces the need to put the safety of the child first." She also said:
"I have indicated to Oranga Tamariki that existing strategic partnerships with iwi and Māori organisations will continue, and the repeal would not prevent Oranga Tamariki from entering into further strategic partnership agreements with iwi or Māori organisations."
The legislation has passed the first reading and been referred to select committee. In Minister Chhour's speech for the first reading she said:
"During my time in Opposition and before coming to Parliament, I heard devastating stories about how some Oranga Tamariki staff prioritized cultural considerations and the desires of the child’s family over the individual needs of the child.
This sometimes led to unsafe care decisions and disruption for children and caregivers."
The Oranga Tamariki Regulatory Impact Statement for the repeal of section 7AA has been published. It highlights "...a lack of robust evidence to support the view that section 7AA causes harmful changes to long-term care arrangements." Specifically, the paper states:
"There is no empirical evidence to support the notion that section 7AA has driven practice decisions that have led to changing care arrangements. We have heard anecdotal concerns from a small number of caregivers that care decisions are more strongly influenced by cultural factors, than by the immediate safety of children. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that these concerns are related to the duties outlined in section 7AA. Some concerned stakeholders and advocates have expressed the view that section 7AA was responsible for previous, high-profile changes to care arrangements. Again, we do not have evidence as to whether section 7AA explicitly influenced these care decisions, but internal evaluation suggests that it did not."
It further states:
"While some practice decisions have been made that, in hindsight, have not resulted in the best outcome for the child, it is important to reiterate that there is no evidence to suggest these resulted from the duties outlined in section 7AA."
The paper recommends retaining section 7AA and strengthening practice:
"The Department [Oranga Tamariki] considers that a full or partial repeal of section 7AA will not address the policy problem. This paper recommends retaining section 7AA while continuing to strengthen practice and operational guidelines to fulfil the policy objectives and best address the Government's concerns."
Te Pāti Māori has launched a petition to stop the repeal of section 7AA.
Update: See our submission, New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse submission on the Oranga Tamariki (Repeal of Section 7AA) Amendment Bill.
Background on 7AA
Section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act sets out specific duties for the chief executive to recognise and provide a practical commitment to the principles of te Tiriti o Waitangi (see section 7aa in the legislation). These include:
- setting measurable outcomes for Māori children and young persons who come to the attention of the Ministry
- having regard to mana tamaiti (tamariki) and the whakapapa of Māori children and young persons and the whanaungatanga responsibilities of their whānau, hapū, and iwi
- seeking to develop strategic partnerships with iwi and Māori organisations, including iwi authorities
- reporting annually on the Ministry's progress and next steps.
A key purpose of section 7AA was to reduce the disproportionate number of Māori children and young people taken into the care and protection system, and to improve outcomes for those children and young people already in care.
Section 7AA was added to the Oranga Tamariki Act through amendments in the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Act 2017. Section 7AA came into force in July 2019.
While the Waitangi Tribunal has previously found that section 7AA does not implement the full recommendations of Pūao-te-ata-tū nor meet the full obligations of Te Tiriti — this is the first time that the principles of Te Tiriti have been mentioned in New Zealand's child protection legislation. And the Iwi partnerships that have gained resources and authority through 7AA to care for their tamariki and whānau are having significant impacts. For more information see our related stories below.
Waitangi tribunal report on proposed repeal of Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA
The Waitangi Tribunal released the final report on the urgent inquiry into the government’s proposal to repeal section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act on 10 May 2024. The Tribunal had initially released an interim report on 29 April 2024.
In the final report, the Waitangi Tribunal identified breaches of the Treaty, stating:
"We have found clear breaches of the Treaty article 2 guarantee to Māori of tino rangatiratanga over kainga and of the Treaty principles of partnership and active protection. We have also found that prejudice will arise from the rushed and arbitrary repeal of section 7AA, not only due to the failure to fully analyse likely downstream effects but more importantly due to the significant risk of actual harm to vulnerable tamariki and the risk of erosion of trust amongst Māori whānau and communities." (see final report section 1.9.5)
The Tribunal also recommended "...that the repeal of section 7AA be stopped" to allow the Minister to review and report on the legislation, government policy and related arrangements, as outlined in section 448B of the Oranga Tamariki Act. Under this section of the legislation, this would be required by 1 July 2025.
In the opening letter to the final report, the Tribunal stated:
"We agree entirely with the views of senior officials that a policy change of such significance must rely on evidence and not on anecdotal stories, hearsay, and ideological positions. It should also be informed by community consultation, and in particular consultation with the iwi and Māori organisations that have established strategic agreements with the Chief Executive pursuant to section 7AA."
The Tribunal recommended that as a first step for review of the legislation, that the Crown talk with section 7AA strategic partners and Māori post-settlement entities.
Further, the Tribunal recommended that the legislative review consider the recommendations set out in Appendix 3 of the Tribunal's 2021 report, He Pāharakeke, He Rito Whakakīkinga Whāruarua related to inquiry WAI 295.
Finally, the Tribunal recommended that the requirements of section 7AA to develop strategic partnerships with iwi and Māori organisations and to focus on the reduction of disparities by setting and publicly reporting on expectations and targets, be retained.
During the inquiry, the Waitangi Tribunal summoned Minister for Children Karen Chhour to provide evidence. However, the Crown notified the Tribunal that the Minister would not appear as a witness nor produce a written statement. The Crown also asked for a review of the Tribunal's summons in the High Court, who set aside the summons. However, the case was considered by the Court of Appeal who upheld the appeal and found that it is within the Tribunal's powers to issue summons to the Minister (see Case number[2024] NZCA 160 and the related media release).
See related media below for responses from Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Minister Karen Chhour.
Responses from tangata whenua and tauiwi advocates
VOYCE – Whakarongo Mai and the Pou Tangata Oranga Tamariki Iwi Leaders Group (ILG) and the National Iwi Chairs Forum oppose the repeal of section 7AA. Many Māori, people with lived experience of state care, advocates and researchers have criticised the proposal to repeal section 7AA since the proposal was first raised in 2023.
Long-time advocate and state care survivor, Paora Moyle (Ngāti Porou) said in an interview with Waatea news:
"...the number one recommendation that the Abuse in Care Royal Commission report says that harms our babies is the lack of reporting, the lack of truth coming to the fore. And you've got thousands and thousands of people that have come forward with their testimony, and now there's irrefutable proof that child protection in this country has been very, very lax. In fact, it's targeted our babies and taken them away from their whakapapa. That has caused intergenerational harms.
This government is responsible for addressing that. It is not. It is actually making it worse. It's taking away the protections. It's taken away the voices."
In a Spinoff article, legal academic Luke Fitzmaurice-Brown (Te Aupōuri, Pākehā) wrote:
"What the new government is proposing is highly regressive and very likely to cause harm to Māori children and families. Section 7AA is not in the law as an empty gesture, it is there because upholding Te Tiriti in relation to child protection could significantly improve outcomes for Māori whānau. Upholding Te Tiriti is also the Crown’s most central constitutional obligation, and they cannot just legislate that responsibility away."
And
"As an advocate for a decolonised child protection system, I am given hope by that unwavering willingness in communities to oppose regressive reforms. But what also gives me hope is that far from just beginning, the decolonisation of the child protection system is well under way. Across the country, Māori have been rebuilding the capacity to care for our own for decades now. Sometimes it has been led by iwi, sometimes by organisations like the Māori Women’s Welfare League, and other times it has been individual aunties and nannies who are fiercely determined to ensure that not one more Māori baby be taken by the state. Section 7AA has often helped, but the decolonisation of the child protection system started before that provision existed, and it won’t just stop if it is repealed."
Also see Luke's additional article in the Spinoff: The Waitangi Tribunal’s latest report is about far more than just child protection.
Activist and social work academic Kerri Cleaver (Kāi Tahu) wrote:
"In 2020, I set up our Kāi Tahu service which, under 7AA, delivers the caregiver functions of Oranga Tamariki for mokopuna Kāi Tahu who are in the state system. Through the design and set-up process with our community, we heard of an overwhelming desire for a “by Kāi Tahu, for Kāi Tahu, of Kāi Tahu” service.
Our current offering, called Te Kaika, was only made possible by our iwi partnership with the Crown under 7AA. It is a minimal, substandard demonstration of giving effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, but it’s what we’ve been given."
And
"That the government wants to repeal 7AA speaks to their position that Māori don’t have a right to design and deliver in the existing system. It suggests that the government doesn’t feel required to report on, and account for, Māori children. It rips the rug away from under us, when the rug has only just been laid."
Social work academic Emily Keddell wrote:
"Getting rid of the partnerships and measuring disparities absolves the government of recognising inequalities or pursuing a Tiriti-based solution. Without this, Oranga Tamariki is re-positioned as the ones with all the answers and all the power. That has not worked so far."
Several claimants for the Tribunal inquiry into the proposed repeal of section 7AA have also commented:
Dr Hope Tupara (Ngā Pōtiki ā Tamapahore, Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāi Tāmanuhiri, Rongowhakaata, Te Roroa), National President of Māori Women's Welfare League said in an interview with Waatea News:
"We have a really good opportunity in our country to show the rest of the world how we can create a system – Te Tiriti offers that to us – to be able to provide for something different that shares power."
Rahera Ohia, representative from Ngāti Pukenga also a claimant for the Tribunal inquiry, said:
"The empirical evidence that's been gathered over years, you know, since Pūao-te-ata-tū, essentially indicates that Māori children need to know where they come from, who they are, who they can rely on. And without 7AA, there's no assurance that Oranga Tamariki will take that into account."
Also see further criticisms and concerns from:
- Waikato-Tainui chairperson Tukoroirangi Morgan and Chief Children's Commissioner Dr Claire Achmad in the Stuff article Iwi to fight 'Crown stupidity' repeal of Oranga Tamariki legislation
- Tina Ngata (Ngati Porou) in the Waatea News article Racist myths driving 7AA repeal
- Aaron Smale (Ngati Porou) in his Newsroom article The Crown versus Māori Children
- Tupua Urlich (Ngāti Kahungunu) in the NZ Herald article State abuse survivor urges against repealing Oranga Tamariki Treaty commitments and in the NZ Herald article Oranga Tamariki Act: Karen Chhour’s is not the only voice that needs to be heard on state care and abuse
- Margaret Mutu (Ngāti Kahu, Te Rarawa, Ngāti Whātua) in an interview with Te Hiku Media - Repeal of 7AA Causes Outrage for Many
- Zoe Witika-Hawke (Ngāti Hako, Ngāti Paoa, Ngāti Pākehā) in an interview with Pacific Media Network
- Annette Sykes (Te Arawa, Ngāti Makino, Ngāti Pikiao) in an interview with Waatea News
- Tā Mark Solomon (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Kurī), Chair of the Oranga Tamariki Advisory Board, in an interview with Waatea News
- Ngahiwi Tomoana (Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Hawea, Ngāti Hori and Samoa) and Shayne Walker (Kai Tahu, Ngāti Kahungunu), in comments to Te Karere TVNZ New Minister of Children under fire following law scrap.
Many more responses raising similar criticisms are in the related media below.
Related news
The Supreme Court of Canada has
This is part 2 of a 3-part series that provides an overview and background related to section 7AA, and the care and protection system in Aotearoa. Part 1 looks at the proposed repeal of Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA including the new legislation, call for submissions and Waitangi Tribunal report. Part 3 looks at Child care and protection in Aotearoa: history of institutional racism and calls for transformation.
Iwi partnerships and Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA
The government has introduced legislation to repeal section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act, and submissions are open on the proposed legislation. Tangata whenua and many tangata tiriti advocates and researchers have criticised the proposal to repeal section 7AA. We provide an overview of what section 7AA is, and highlight examples of the strategic partnerships that have been formalised under 7AA.
What is section 7AA and why do we have it?
Oranga Tamariki works towards a vision that "All children are safe, loved, and nurtured by whānau, hapū, and iwi and supported by thriving communities." The former Oranga Tamariki CEO acknowledged structural racism in the care and protection system and the failure of the Crown to implement recommendations of Pūao-te-Ata-tū when giving evidence to the Waitangi Tribunal inquiry in December 2020 saying (quoted in the Tribunal's final report He Pāharakeke, He Rito Whakakīkinga Whāruarua, 2021):
"The Crown has failed to fully implement the recommendations of Pūao Te Ata Tū in a comprehensive and sustained manner. This implementation failure has impacted outcomes for tamariki Māori, whānau, hapū and iwi. Further than this, it has undermined Māori trust and confidence in the Crown, as well the belief in the Crown’s willingness and ability to address disparities.
Structural racism is a feature of the care and protection system which has adverse effects for tamariki Māori, whānau, hapū and iwi. This structural racism has resulted from a series of legislative, policy and systems settings over time and has degraded the relationship between Māori and the Crown. The structural racism present in the care and protection system reflects its presence in society more generally, which has meant that more tamariki Māori are reported, thus coming to the attention of the care and protection system. The impact of structural racism on outcomes for and experiences of tamariki Māori and their whanau, and on culture and trust, means that the Crown should have identified the need to tackle structural racism when establishing Oranga Tamariki.
Historically, Māori perspectives and solutions have been ignored by the care and protection system. In order to address this historic aversion, Oranga Tamariki needs to partner and engage with Māori so together they can deliver better outcomes for tamariki Māori."
Oranga Tamariki describes section 7AA as their "practical commitment to the principles of the Te Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi". This is an acknowledgment that the relationships between tangata whenua and the Crown do not reflect what was agreed to in the Treaty, and that the Crown had taken from tangata whenua authority for all decisions and resourcing for the care and protection of their children. Section 7AA affirms that tangata whenua expectations of self-determination in regard to how Māori children should be cared for, are legitimate and realistic.
Oranga Tamariki describes 4 parts of their work under section 7AA. This includes "...strategic partnerships with iwi and Māori organisations, including iwi authorities." Many Iwi and rōpū had mahi focused on the toiora of their whānau and tamariki before 7AA existed, and some also had partnerships with Oranga Tamariki. The strategic partnerships under 7AA shift the relationship between Oranga Tamariki and those rōpū, returning some of the decisions, resources and responsibility to tangata whenua for care of their tamariki and whānau. Those rōpū are enabled again to imagine, design, and realise their own processes for toiora, protection and care of children, based on their own tikanga. While this is not the relationship agreed to in Te Tiriti, which affirms to hapū "te tino rangatiratanga ... o ō rātou kāinga", it is a shift in that direction.
Iwi partnerships
Section 7AA was added to legislation through 2017 amendments, and only came into effect in July 2019. As such, the practices from section 7AA are still being developed. Oranga Tamariki sees the strategic partnerships with Māori as the key mechanism for section 7AA. The formal recognition, and shift in resources and authority under 7AA, is very new, with the first agreement signed in November 2018 between Ngāi Tahu and Oranga Tamariki.
Oranga Tamariki’s most recent Section 7AA Annual Report 2023 lists 10 strategic partnership agreements:
- Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu (Nov 2018)
- Te Rūnanga-Ā-Iwi-Ō-Ngāpuhi (Dec 2018)
- Waikato-Tainui (May 2019)
- Ngāi Tūhoe (Aug 2019)
- Te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko I te Ora (Aug 2020)
- The Eastern Bay of Plenty Provider Alliance (Sep 2020)
- Te Rūnanga o Te Āti Awa ki te Upoko o te Ika a Māui and Te Rūnanga o Toa Rangatira (Dec 2020)
- Te Kahu Oranga Whānau (Mar 2021)
- Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated (Apr 2021)
- Te Whānau o Waipareira (Sep 2022).
Several rōpū already had strategies for supporting toiora whānau, which includes caring for children. As a result of the formal recognition of these partnerships under 7AA, rōpū have more resources and power to develop their own frameworks and priorities for supporting whānau to care for children. Many are still developing programmes or are in the first stages of implementing them. Examples of four of these are detailed below. See the related media below for updates on other Iwi partnerships with Oranga Tamariki.
Eastern Bay Iwi Provider partnership: Te Pūkaea o te Waiora
The Eastern Bay Iwi Provider Alliance is comprised of Te Tohu o Te Ora o Ngāti Awa, Tūhoe Hauora, Te Pou Oranga O Whakatōhea Tūwharetoa ki Kawerau Hauora. It was established in 2017 and has partnered with Oranga Tamariki since August 2020.
By working as an alliance, the Iwi involved can:
- Build and strengthen the resilience within whānau
- Build trust and confidence of whānau to engage
- Improve accessibility of services to whānau and reduce complexity
- Encourage collaboration among services and providers
- Work with whānau in the co-design of future services.
The alliance has developed Te Pūkaea o te Waiora, which will receive all contacts relevant to the Eastern Bay of Plenty region, rerouted from the Oranga Tamariki National Contact Centre, as well as direct calls from other local agencies such as Police, Te Whatu Ora, the community and whānau. Te Pūkaea o te Waiora builds on the partnerships with Oranga Tamariki.
Speaking to RNZ about Te Pūkaea o te Waiora, Tūhoe Hauora chief executive Pania Hetet said:
"We need to walk the talk and we know we can make a difference. We aren't Oranga Tamariki, we don't operate within their timeframes or frameworks.
"Our communities know who we are and we are in better positions to engage in difficult and challenging conversations with whānau."
Te Tohu o te Ora o Ngāti Awa chief executive Enid Ratahi-Pryor also spoke to RNZ, and said:
"We want to make a step towards changing the way the Crown and the community work together to support tamariki and whānau wellbeing. This means working at a pace that keeps the whānau engaged and invested in the process."
Te Pūkaea o te Waiora is an optional pathway for whānau Māori. Those who did not wish to engage with iwi services could choose to work with Oranga Tamariki instead. Ratahi-Pryor said:
"Regardless of what choice whānau make, the iwi involved want them to know they are there for them and they have the ability to support them through these difficult situations."
To learn more about Te Pūkaea o te Waiora see the related media below or listen to an interview with Enid Ratahi-Pryor on Waatea News.
Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated: Te Ara Mātua
In 2019, Ngāti Kahungunu Chairman Ngahiwi Tomoana declared ‘Not one more child’—not one more child would be taken into Oranga Tamariki without Iwi intervention. Ngāti Kahungunu invited whānau to share their experiences of maintaining their whānau and interactions with the state. It captured those experiences and whānau aspirations in the Kōrero Mai Whānau report.
In April 2023, Ngāti Kahungunu launched Te Ara Mātua, their plan to support whānau through early intervention to limit whānau involvement with Oranga Tamariki. The plan is based on whānau needs and aspirations, informed by Kōrero Mai Whānau.
Ngāti Kahungunu's overview of Te Ara Mātua says:
"Whānau is the key to whānau success. Te Ara Mātua kaupapa will continue to evolve with whānau champions at the helm. Community plays a vital role in ensuring the wellbeing of mokopuna and their whānau."
Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi also has a dedicated staff member who can address specific Oranga Tamariki inquiries. Ngāti Kahungunu notes that:
"There have been some successes for whānau in this space, however, the aim is to move all Kahungunu tamariki out of care. A new design called Te Ara Mātua Looking forward the pilot between Oranga Tamariki and Ngāti Kahungunu will be the only strategy to address the inequities and inequalities that still exist for our people."
To learn more about Te Ara Mātua, see the Ngāti Kahungunu media release and related media below.
Ngāi Tahu: Whānau as first navigators
In October 2021, Ngāi Tahu announced their Whānau as First Navigators programme. It aims to reduce the number of tamariki and rangatahi interacting with Oranga Tamariki by enabling whānau rangatiratanga.
Speaking to RNZ, former Ngāi Tahu Kaihautū Arihia Bennett said whānau will be encouraged to seek support if they need extra help:
"The quickest way to be able to do that, is to actually lean into those communities' supports, lean into organisations to extended whānau, where they can actually get that support, rather than ending up in a Crown organisation or even in a bigger picture iwi organisation."
Also speaking to RNZ Kaiwhakahaere Lisa Tumahai identified several barriers for whānau reaching out:
"Access information awareness, the right support mechanisms, not feeling whakamā to actually ask for help - they're some of the things we've got to cut through."
The Ngāi Tahu Whānau as First Navigators programme has 4 workstreams:
- Prevention: a whānau awareness campaign focused on raising awareness of tamariki and whānau wellbeing, sharing knowledge and promoting services to support whānau. This has included advertising on radio, social media, Google, and letterbox drops.
- Early support: whānau interaction hubs to provide early support, information and advice to whānau in ways that suit them, with the aim of growing a culture of seeking trusted help early.
- Boost service capability: working with Ngāi Tahu and kaupapa Māori providers to grow, strengthen and build on their mahi supporting whānau towards their aspirations.
- Professional and culturally competent practitioners: workforce development with the care and protection workforce so practices have positive impacts for whānau.
The Whānau as First Navigators programme received nearly $26 million from Oranga Tamariki in 2021. Former Minister for Children Kelvis Davis said “[This programme is] iwi-lead and iwi-designed, but it’s Crown-supported.”
For more information see the Ngāi Tahu media release and Beehive media release about launching the programme.
Ngāpuhi: Kia tū tika ai te Whare Tapu ō Ngāpuhi
Te Rūnanga-Ā-Iwi-O-Ngāpuhi and Oranga Tamariki signed a Strategic Partnership Agreement in December 2018 in Kaikohe. Ngāpuhi Iwi Social Services (NISS) and Te Rōpū Whāiti have been developing a Ngāpuhi strategy for growing mokopuna wellbeing. The Ngāpuhi 2023 annual report says the vision for their strategic partnership with Oranga Tamariki is
"‘Kia tū tika ai Te Whare Tapu Ō Ngāpuhi – where the sacred house of Ngāpuhi stands strong’. For Ngāpuhi, this means working together to ensure there are no Ngāpuhi taitamariki in state care and being more involved in decision-making that affects Ngāpuhi tamariki and whānau."
Te Rōpu Whāiti includes Ngāpuhi iwi and hapū members, Ngāpuhi leaders from the social services sector, professionals, representatives of Te Rūnanga-Ā-Iwi-Ō-Ngāpuhi (TRAION) trustees and subsidiaries NISS and Te Hau Ora Ō Ngāpuhi (THOON). This rōpu came together in 2022 with TRAION to plan a response to growing disparities and urgent issues faced by Ngāpuhi tamariki mokopuna and whānau engaged with Oranga Tamariki.
Work so far has included investing in Ngāpuhi Iwi Social Services workforce development, and designing a whānau care service to ensure Tamariki who need care can live safely with carers who share whakapapa connections with them. This work builds on a Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2014 and the launch of Mahuru.
Mahuru is a one-to-one placement with Ngāpuhi kaimanaaki who provide a safe home for taitamariki for up to 4 to 6 weeks while they are on remand within the Youth Justice system, and immerses taitamariki in mana-enhancing activities including a tikanga Māori day programme where they are supervised by experienced mentors to achieve goals within their individual plans. Learn more about Mahuru.
Progress implementing 7AA
As part of the legislation, Oranga Tamariki must report each year on progress to implement section 7AA. There have been four 7AA progress reports so far. In the foreword of the 4th report, Oranga Tamariki Chief Executive Chappie Te Kani said:
"This report shows how we are changing and growing to realise our Treaty of Waitangi / Tiriti o Waitangi obligations."
And
"As the Chief Executive it is important for me that we report back on this mahi and how it is improving outcomes for tamariki and rangatahi. Transparency, continuous improvement, and dedication will remain critical to our journey to transform ourselves into an organisation that truly meets the aspirations of our partners and the public in how we provide care and support for tamariki and rangatahi in New Zealand."
Related news
Minister for Children, Karen Chhour has introduced legislation to repeal Oranga Tamariki section 7AA on 12 May 2024. The legislation has passed the first reading and submissions are open.
The Pou Tangata Oranga Tamariki Iwi Leaders Group (ILG) and the National Iwi Chairs Forum issued a statement opposing the repeal of section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act with Dame Naida Glavish, Co-Chair of Pou Tangata saying:
"The introduction of the Oranga Tamariki (Repeal of Section 7AA) Amendment Bill to Parliament is deeply concerning and undermines the crucial relationships established between Oranga Tamariki and Iwi under Te Tiriti o Waitangi."
Robyn Rauna, Oranga Tamariki ILG Lead Advisor also said:
"The assertion by the Minister for Children that these partnerships will continue under a different framework makes no sense at all; if that were the case, leave Section 7AA in the legislation."
See our related news story for more information about and responses to the proposed repeal of section 7AA.
Related media
Kahungunu Opens New Te Ara Mātua Hub To Support Tamariki, Ngati Kahung

This is part 3 of a 3-part series that provides an overview and background related to section 7AA, and the care and protection system in Aotearoa. Part 1 looks at the proposed repeal of Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA including the new legislation, call for submissions and Waitangi Tribunal report. Part 2 looks at Oranga Tamariki Act section 7AA and Iwi partnerships.
Child care and protection in Aotearoa: institutional racism and calls for transformation
Pūao-te-ata-tū and He Whaipaanga Hou
Pūao-te-ata-tū (1988) and He Whaipaanga Hou (1987) are two defining reports in Aotearoa due to the way in which they highlighted the ongoing impacts of colonisation through institutional racism in government structures and policies and the significant negative impacts on the hauora of tangata whenua. Both reports were requested by government departments. For both reports, the authors set out with a new approach to examine the issue from the perspective of Māori.
In 1985, amid growing awareness of institutional racism and the impacts for tangata whenua, particularly tamariki and rangatahi Māori, the Minister of Social Welfare established a ministerial committee to advise on a Māori perspective for what was then Department of Social Welfare. The Committee considered both the Department, the Children and Young Persons Act (the legislation at the time), social work practice and the wider areas of courts and police.
The resulting report, Pūao-te-ata-tū, found that institutional racism was at the root of Māori social welfare problems, and predicted that the Crown would continue to fail Māori unless institutional racism was addressed. The report identified that mainstream government institutions were mono-cultural, with national structures rooted in the values, systems and viewpoints of Pākehā culture only. These systems failed to understand or acknowledge Māori cultural values and practices.
In the preface to the report, the authors wrote:
“At the heart of the issue is a profound misunderstanding or ignorance of the place of the child in Māori society and its relationship with whanau, hapu, iwi structures.”
The report recommended significant changes to the policies and practices of government agencies, with particular emphasis in giving Māori communities responsibility for the allocation and monitoring of resources. The report found that Māori succeed when rangatiratanga is recognised and supported, and recommended that Māori should be resourced to solve the problems Māori are facing.
He Whaipaanga Hou – A New Perspective, looked at the criminal justice system’s bias against Māori taking into account the wider social issues. The research was prompted by the disproportionately high number of young Māori men in courts and in prison. The report identified how institutional racism and discrimination lead to Māori being brought into the criminal justice system disproportionately and unfairly. It also highlighted how the current criminal justice approaches had failed to understand or consider this and prevented Māori from equitable access to justice. The report shared the perspectives of people with lived experience of injustice and outlined the need for Māori-led solutions.
Legislative change and ongoing calls to respond to Pūao-te-ata-tū
These reports influenced the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act that was passed in 1989. The legislation included principles that prioritised 1) considering how decisions affecting a child or young person would affect the stability of their family, whānau, hapu, iwi, and family group (section 5) and 2) placing a child or young person within their whānau, hapu or iwi (section 13). See the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 as it was enacted and the current legislation — the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989, also known as the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989.
The Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act and the Public Finance Act were both passed into law in 1989. The Mason Report (1992) commented on the impact of government fiscal policies on the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act, and warned against a system that attempted to quantify social response in financial terms. A subsequent report by Judge Brown (2020) also reinforced these concerns and highlighted the importance of adequate funding from government.
However, the legislation did not fully realise or implement the recommendations of the reports and in the decades that have followed, tangata whenua have continued to call for change.
Over the last decade, there have been a number of inquiries, reports and hui calling for transformational change of the care and protection system, including the work of the Abuse in Care Inquiry. This work has continued to document the history and ongoing institutional racism and abuse in New Zealand's care and protection system, and the persistent harms for tamariki, rangatahi and whānau Māori.
In 2017, the addition of Section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 recognised the Crown's responsibility for upholding the principles of Te Tiriti in the care and protection system. Section 7AA came info force in 2019. While section 7AA does not implement the full recommendations of Pūao-te-ata-tū nor meet the full obligations of Te Tiriti, it is the first time in Aotearoa's history that our care and protection legislation has referenced Te Tiriti. The implementation of section 7aa has led to a number of strategic partnerships between Oranga Tamariki and Māori, and ultimately to more tamariki and rangatahi Māori remaining in the care of their whakapapa and out of the state care system.
Below is a timeline of recent legislative changes and responses:
- 2015 – Social Development Minister Anne Tolley established the Modernising Child Youth and Family Expert Panel to lead a "complete overhaul" of Child, Youth and Family. At the time advocates raised concerns about the lack of child protection experts, lack of people with lived experience and lack of tangata whenua in the panel.
- 2016 – Based on the final report from the expert panel, the government published initial plans for "major state care reforms and a complete overhaul of Child, Youth and Family." These plans proposed to remove or alter 2 principles in the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act that prioritised placing Māori children in care with whānau, hapū and iwi (see above). Tangata whenua and tauiwi advocates criticised these proposed reforms and the Māori Women's Welfare League filed a claim in the Waitangi Tribunal challenging the proposed changes.
- 2017 – The Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Act 2017 received Royal Assent and was renamed the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989. This legislation introduced a new section (7AA) to the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 outlining how Oranga Tamariki should give effect to the principles of Te Tiriti.
- June - November 2019 – Following media coverage of Oranga Tamariki's practices involving the uplift of pēpi Māori, Māori led calls for change including an open letter and petition written by Hands Off Our Tamariki and signed by 16,000 people. The Government also announced 3 separate reviews, to be conducted by Oranga Tamariki, the Children's Commissioner and the Chief Ombudsman. North Island Whānau Ora Commissioning Agency launched a Māori-led inquiry into Oranga Tamariki. The Waitangi Tribunal also conducted an urgent inquiry into the policies and practices of Oranga Tamariki.
- July 2019 – Section 7AA came into force in July 2019
- February - August 2020 – Reports were published from the Māori led inquiry and the Children's Commissioner. Further reports and government responses were also published including Oranga Tamariki's first report on their performance related to 7AA and the Independent Monitor's first report.
- December 2020 – The Children's Commissioner Andrew Becroft released a 2nd report from his inquiry calling for 'total transformation' of care and protection system. In giving evidence to the Waitangi Tribunal inquiry, Oranga Tamariki CEO Grainne Moss acknowledged structural racism in the care and protection system and the failure of the Crown to implement recommendations of Pūao-te-ata-tū.
- May 2021 – The Waitangi Tribunal released the final report from the urgent inquiry into Oranga Tamariki. The report, He Pāharakeke, He Rito Whakakīkinga Whāruarua found the 2017 legislatives changes, including 7AA are not enough to realise the recommendations of Pūao-te-ata-tū nor meet obligations under Te Tiriti. The Tribunal recommended a ‘Māori Transition Authority.’
- September 2021 – The Oranga Tamariki Ministerial Advisory Board, established in 2021, published their report Hipokingia ki te Kahu Aroha Hipokingia ki te Katoa. The government accepted all 25 recommendations in the report.
During this time, Oranga Tamariki began implementing Section 7AA. This included developing strategic partnerships with Iwi and other Māori organisations. The formalisation of these partnerships helped shift power and resources to tangata whenua, and in many cases, built on existing partnerships and Iwi work.
Also during this time, the Abuse in Care Royal Commission of Inquiry was launched. The inquiry has documented the lived experiences of survivors of the care and protection system and young people currently experiencing the care and protection system. Reports from the inquiry have documented that institutional racism has continued to persist, enabling great harm. The final report from the Inquiry is due to Government in June 2024.
Current legislative reform: proposed repeal of Section 7AA
Minister for Children, Karen Chhour, introduced the legislation, Oranga Tamariki (Repeal of Section 7AA) Amendment Bill on 12 May 2024. Submissions are open on the legislation. They are due by 3 July 2024.
Just before the legislation was introduced, the Waitangi Tribunal published their final report on the urgent inquiry into the proposed repeal of 7AA, finding that the proposal breaches the Treaty.
Related media
‘Not one more child’, E-Tangata, 26.05.2024
The fear of failing mokopuna Māori - Debbie Ngarewa-Packer, NZ Herald, 22.05.2024
Pāora Crawford Moyle | Social Work Practitioner of 30 years, Waatea News, 08.05.2024
Child protection decimation a ‘callous razor gang response’, Newsroom, 24.04.2024
Pre-Budget 2024 Announcements
The Government will release Budget 2024 on 30 May 2024. In the lead up, the Government has made funding announcements.
Finance Minister Nicola Willis made announcements related to the Government's work on social investment and plans to establish:
- Social Investment Agency - a standalone central agency effective from 1 July that will lead the development of social investment across Government
- Social Investment Fund - managed by the Social Investment Agency to "...directly commission outcomes for vulnerable New Zealanders, and to work with community, non-government-organisations (NGOs) and iwi providers."
- Social Investment Board - a ministerial advisory committee to provide guidance on social investment, and a group of Social Investment Ministers to support the Finance Minister on the social investment approach across the system.
In a pre-budget speech, Minister Willis also talked about the Government's Budget priorities, saying:
"Our Budget will prioritise targeted new spending for the essential frontline services you rely on. You can expect a significant funding boost for the health system and targeted new investment in other essential frontline services including education, disability services and Police."
In his pre-budget speech, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said "New Zealanders voted for us last year to do three things – rebuild the economy, restore law and order, and deliver better public services."
Corrections Minister Mark Mitchell announced $1.9 billion support the Government's work on law and order. This funding will support increasing the number of beds at Waikeria prison, additional Corrections and Police officers and extension of rehabilitation programmes for people who are on remand. Minister Mitchell previously announced in March 2024 an amendment paper to the Corrections Amendment bill saying "This will strengthen the requirement for Corrections to provide all remand convicted prisoners with offence-based rehabilitation, including rehabilitation programmes targeted towards violent and sexual offenders." (emphasis added). See our related news story for more information about this legislative reform.
While not an official pre-Budget announcement, the 17 May 2024 Family Violence Sexual Violence Update from the Ministry of Social Development (MSD) announced that MSD contracts for family violence networks would be extended to June 2025. The current contracts were due to expire at the end of June 2024. The family violence networks were first formally funded by government in 2003 through the implementation of the 2001 Te Rito strategy.
Impacts to government agencies from budget cuts
After coming into office, the Government set up a programme to identify $1.5 billion of savings across government agencies. Central government agencies were asked to identify either 6.5% or 7.5% savings. In her pre-budget speech, Minister Willis said:
"I am confirming today that we have met that savings target.
It’s taken a lot of work to get there. We set every government agency its own target and tasked Chief Executives with putting forward proposals they thought made sense and that could be delivered without compromising quality public services. We then reviewed their proposals line by line."
Media, the PSA (Public Service Association Te Pūkenga Here Tikanga Mahi) and advocates have raised concerns about the potential impact to government programmes and services, based on the proposed changes to achieve the target savings. Many of the proposed cuts relate to the work of the family violence and sexual violence sector:
Oranga Tamariki: The proposed changes at Oranga Tamariki includes a total reduction of 447 roles. PSA has reported this includes 21 specialist Māori roles. One News reported proposed cuts also include disestablishing the Oranga Tamariki Safety of Children in Care team, the team that reports on children abused while in care, and reviews how the agency complies with care regulations. One News also reported the proposed cuts would include "...the ministry's international child protection team, which helped care for unaccompanied child refugees and investigate complex exploitation cases." The NZ Herald reported some of the overarching changes to the structure of Oranga Tamariki including potential changes to the leadership team, the residences and community homes team, and the tamariki and whānau service. The Post has reported that the proposed changes also include the legal division at Oranga Tamariki. RNZ reported that the hiring freeze while the restructure takes place means Oranga Tamariki is without lawyers in Gisborne and Southland, who often work with children in the youth and family courts. RNZ also reported the proposed cuts include the team that look after critical records for children in state care.
ACC: PSA has reported that potential cuts to ACC include the Injury Prevention teams, which includes people who work on sexual violence prevention, and specialist roles dedicated to helping Māori avoid injury and sexual violence. According to PSA, the specialist roles at risk are part of ACC's Oranga Whakapapa work which includes a healthy relationships programme that develops mana-enhancing programmes to address the causes of violence. Janice Panoho Te Kaihautū Māori for the Public Service Association Te Pūkenga Here Tikanga Mahi said "...eliminating sexual violence in Māori communities can only be achieved through a te ao Māori lens, applying our knowledge and working closely with iwi and whānau. This comes on top of ACC proposing to remove another specialist sexual violence role."
Ministry of Social Development (MSD): PSA reported that potential cuts to MSD could see a loss of 700 roles. This includes the Strategy and Insights team, who research and evaluate how MSD is performing and how MSD is delivering support to people. It also includes roles in the digital transformation project Te Pae Tawhiti, which is working to simplify processes and help people better access MSD services online. Earlier, PSA reported budget cuts at MSD would also affect the Māori Communities and Partnerships team, and human resources, policy, strategy and communications teams.
Te Tari Taiwhenua | Department of Internal Affairs: PSA reported that budget cuts to Te Tari Taiwhenua | Department of Internal Affairs include 41 roles proposed to go from teams dealing with digital harm, child exploitation, money laundering, counter terrorism and other regulatory roles.
Disability: In March 2024, Whaikaha the Ministry for Disabled People announced changes to purchasing rules for how people can use disability support funding. The changes were made to address shortfall in Whaikaha's current budget. Disability Issues Minister Louise Upston has since announced a review into disability support services. The Disabled Persons Assembly NZ has published an open letter signed by 52 organisations calling on the government to fully reverse the 18 March disability support restrictions and ensure disabled people have the resources and the flexibility needed to thrive.
Also see the PSA media releases for updates on budget cuts to other government agencies, including:
- Government risks wellbeing of Māori with proposed cuts to Te Puni Kōkiri
- Govt waters down Royal Commission on Christchurch, cuts Ethnic Communities
- Pasifika communities will bear brunt of cuts to Ministry for Pacific Peoples
- Vital work of Ministry for Ethnic Communities under threat from Government cuts.
Many of the proposed changes are still being refined and are not yet finalised. See additional information in the related media below. Also see the related media below for responses from advocates and responses to the proposed cuts to Oranga Tamariki from Minister for Children Karen Chhour.
Uncertainty for non-government organisations(NGOs)
The New Zealand Council of Christian Social Services issued a media release highlighting "...that 400 providers with contracts [with Oranga Tamariki] ending June 2024 will not find out if these are to be renewed until after the Budget is announced – but not to have their hopes up either way." The Otago Daily Times reported that NGOs in the South Island are also worried about the future of the government funding they receive. Stuff has reported that other non-government organisations are concerned about reduced funding from government agencies. The article also highlighted that the Mental Health Foundation is looking at reducing staff because government funding has not kept up with rising costs.
Related news
Finance Minister Nicola Willis announced that the time-limited funding for the Pay Equity Taskforce will not be renewed and that the Public Service Commission is now consulting with staff on the proposed disestablishment of the Pay Equity Taskforce. The funding for the taskforce ends 30 June 2024. The New Zealand Council of Trade Unions | Te Kauae Kaimahi has issued a statement calling on the Government to reverse the decision to disestablish the Pay Equity Taskforce.
Minister of Internal Affairs Brooke van Velden announced that Te Tari Taiwhenua | Department of Internal Affairs would not be progressing further work on the Safer Online Services and Media Platforms. The purpose of this work was to improve the regulation of online services and media platforms to improve consumer safety for all New Zealanders, with a particular focus on minimising content harms for children and young people, and including online child exploitation and other forms of online violence. In response, Vivien Maidaborn, tumu whakarae/chief executive of InternetNZ, wrote an op ed on how internet regulation is urgently needed.
Related media
Labour warns Oranga Tamariki cuts will ‘decimate’ youth justice system, NZ Herald, 05.07.2024
Oranga Tamariki social workers relying on lawyers as a 'safety net' due to poor training, 01.07.2024
Oranga Tamariki does U-turn on plan to cut record-keeping jobs, RNZ, 30.06.2024
Hundreds of jobs to go at Oranga Tamariki, ACC, The Press, 26.06.2024
Oranga Tamariki amends public sector job cuts proposal to shed fewer lawyers, RNZ, 19.06.2024
Dozens more jobs axed at Department of Internal Affairs, Stuff, 19.06.2024
Internal Affairs job cuts will lead to more Kiwis being scammed online, union says, RNZ, 19.06.2024
CHAT: Minister refuses to guarantee jobs in child exploitation area, Duncan Garner, 19.06.2024
30,000 websites to be blocked over child sex abuse material, RNZ, 19.06.2024
Improvements to stopping Digital Child Exploitation, Beehive media release, 18.06.2024
Calls for Oranga Tamariki to keep Office of Chief Social Worker, Newsroom, 12.06.2024
Ministry of Justice outlines change proposal, Ministry of Justice news, 07.06.2024
Effect of Govt cuts on disabled people ‘cruel’ – report, New

New report on victim | survivor experience with police responses
The Backbone Collective and Hohou te Rongo Kahukura have published a report that shares findings from a survey of 599 victim | survivors about their experiences with NZ Police responses to family violence, partner violence or sexual violence.
Their survey found that women, trans people and non-binary people reach out to police seeking urgent help to be safe, but "Overwhelmingly, they are not receiving what they need." While the report does document safe supportive responses from police, the majority of people shared how police involvement made them less safe and in some cases emboldened the abuser, often through police inaction. Trans and non-binary people, Māori and disabled people were more likely to experience poor responses from police.
Make it about us: Victim-survivors’ recommendations for building a safer police response to intimate partner violence, family violence and sexual violence in Aotearoa New Zealand (2024) is an in-depth report that shares the voices of victim | survivors with over 200 quotes from people who completed the survey. A brief summary of the report is also available.
In the foreword, contributing author Bex Fraser called the research landmark as the survey was intentionally trans inclusive. They write:
"This is a landmark change for non-binary and trans people. Where our experiences of reporting to police after violence are similar to those of women, we will be able to tell those stories. And where our experiences differ, we can start to understand why. If there are times when our genders are treated more respectfully than women are, we will be able to take a stance alongside women to advocate. And when there are times when we are treated worse, we will have allies alongside us, understanding that we need change, too."
The report explicitly examines differences in experiences between victim | survivor groups across every stage of contact with police, including whether or not to seek help from the police at all. This approach highlights that trans and non-binary people, Māori and disabled people are receiving significantly less respectful and helpful responses from police across most domains the researchers asked about.
Survey participants were between the ages of 16 and 80+ years, from a range of ethnicities (18% Māori, 5% Pasifika, 4% Asian, 61% Pākehā/NZ European, 14% ethnicities other). Participants included 523 women, 139 of whom identified as sexuality diverse (e.g. lesbian, asexual, bisexual, pansexual, Takatāpui); and 76 trans and non-binary people, including both transfeminine and transmasculine people. For the report, the Backbone sample refers to the 384 women who identified as heterosexual or did not disclose their sexual identity.
Many participants reported having at least one disability including 39% of women in the Backbone sample, 60% of sexuality diverse women and 78% of trans and non-binary people. Many participants had children, including 79% of women in the Backbone sample, 47% of sexuality diverse women and 29% of trans and non-binary people.
Participants were most likely to say that the person who hurt them and/or their children was a man. However, significant numbers of trans and non-binary people (27%) and sexuality diverse women (13%) said the person who abused or assaulted them was a woman. The report also highlights that:
"Importantly, the harmful and transphobic narrative that trans people, especially women, are more likely to be abusers was not supported by this research. No participants reported abuse from a trans woman."
Participants were asked what they hoped would happen to the person who abused or hurt them when they contacted police. Overwhelmingly they hoped the abuser would be kept away from them (62% of women in the Backbone sample, 54% of sexuality diverse women and 72% trans and non-binary people). Other significant hopes included hopes that police actions would stop the violence, hold the abuser accountable and get help for the abuser related to their use of violence. Of participants who had children, one quarter hoped their children would be safer by preventing contact with the abuser. There were variations by ethnicity. For example, despite being less likely to hope for arrest, wāhine Māori in the Backbone sample (37%) were more likely to say the abuser was arrested than non-Māori women in the Backbone sample(22%). The report includes further insights into differences related to the type of violence and relationship to the abuser.
Trans and non-binary people (37%), sexuality diverse women (28%) and women in the Backbone sample (15%) rated their first contact with NZ Police as very poor. Many participants said their first experience with police stopped them from contacting police again.
The research identified high levels of poor responses from police including little or no action, and harmful responses. For example the research found:
- 79% of trans and non-binary people, 63% of women in the Backbone sample, 60% of sexuality diverse women experienced bias or mistreatment from police (based on a range of factors but most often, because of being a victim-survivor and/or gender)
- disabled participants were three times more likely to be accused of being mentally unwell by police than non-disabled participants
- 44% of all participants said police minimised the violence and abuse and 30% said police took the side of the abuser
- only 24% of women in the Backbone sample, 28% of sexuality diverse women and 12% of trans and non-binary people said police understood family and sexual violence.
Trans and non-binary people, wāhine Māori and disabled people were far more likely to say the police treated them very poorly and far less likely to say police used helpful behaviours.
In particular, trans and non-binary reported experiencing significant overt homophobia and misgendering (referring to a trans person using an incorrect name, title or pronoun). Quotes from trans and non-binary participants shared examples of Police intentionally shaming them, laughing at them, referred to them with slurs, using the wrong pronouns after being corrected, and refusing to file reports, saying the sexual assault was what they deserved. The statistics and quotes from trans and non-binary participants highlight significant inconsistency in Police responses.
One in four women in the Backbone sample, 29% of sexuality diverse women and 51% of trans and non-binary people said police involvement made them less safe. Many participants also identified that their children were made less safe. They identified many ways in which police responses made them less safe. Poor police responses enabled the abuser to be more abusive:
"Victim-survivors described police responses that supported the abuser and resulted in violence and abuse escalating as the abuser saw they could get away with using violence and/or retaliated for police involvement. For many participants this was a result of police failing to take action in response to the violence and abuse including failing to arrest, prosecute, respond to breaches of orders, or discouraging victim-survivors from making a statement. In about a third of cases in both samples, abusers used police involvement to further harm the victim-survivor by taking revenge on them for contacting police or making out to police the victim-survivor was abusive/violent and presenting themselves as the victim, particularly for women in the Backbone sample."
Participants also identified how this had flow on effects to other parts of the violence response system. For example one third of women in the Backbone sample and 15% of the sexuality diverse women and trans and non-binary people said Family Court professionals now saw them as a trouble maker/making up the abuse/seeking revenge as a result of police involvement.
Participants also included 205 victim | survivors who had not had contact with police. A range of reasons affected their decision to not contact police including fears the police would treat them poorly, ashamed about what happened, fear it would make things worse, afraid the police wouldn't believe them and unsure if what happened was a crime. The report explores variations by type of violence, ethnicity, disability and more.
Some participants identified that police involvement made them feel a little or a lot safer: 39% of women in the Backbone sample and 37% of sexuality diverse women, but just 15% of trans and non-binary people. Helpful police actions included:
- listening to and believing victim | survivors
- acting swiftly
- arresting, charging, or removing the abuser, or issuing a Police Safety Order against the abuser
- providing information and referral to support services
- women officers trained in domestic violence being present
- ensuring safety of the victim | survivor and that of their children.
For participants who had children, "When children had positive interactions with police (calm, reassuring, friendly and kind communication, validating the child’s experiences, keeping the children informed and taking action to remove the abuser), children were more likely to trust police and have confidence in their ability to keep them safe."
Trans and non-binary people reported the lowest rates of help from police on nearly every option for ways that police could help. For example:
- Police put their safety first - 16% of trans and non-binary people, compared to 25% of women in the Backbone sample and 34% of sexuality diverse women
- Took the violence or abuse seriously - 24% of trans and non-binary people compared to 45% of women in the Backbone sample and 44% of sexuality diverse women.
Chapters 7 through 10 focus on improving the NZ Police response to family violence and sexual violence. This covers a wide range of responses and changes that victim | survivors want. This includes:
- police best practice
- police to meet the unique and diverse needs of victim-survivors
- independent advocates
- practical support police
- control of information sharing
- improving understanding and knowledge among police
- changes to institutional racism within police
- better responses to children
- respect for Takatāpui, trans and non-binary people
- police trained to understand and respond appropriately to sexuality diverse people
- police to take a rights-based approach for disabled people.
Pages 23 - 33 of report summary outlines key practical improvements that victim | survivors want in the police response. The reports makes 54 recommendations of actions to improve the police response to family violence and sexual violence in Aotearoa. The recommendations cover the following 5 calls for action:
- Honour the need for change
- Establish a specialist family violence police unit
- Create a victim-survivor-centred approach
- Establish specialist training for police
- Promote the importance of the right response every time.
Many of the recommendations and practical improvements identified by victim | survivors relate to the wider family violence and sexual violence particularly those that relate to addressing discrimination and bias, and creating a victim-survivor-centred approach.
The report concludes with the importance of centring the victim | survivor in police response, writing:
"Victim-survivors called police because they wanted the violence and abuse to stop; they were scared, they needed protection for themselves and/or their children and they wanted police to use their statutory powers to help make them safe."
For an overview of the report and comments from the report authors and advocates see The Post article When the frontline – and last resort – is a let down.
Related news
The 2023 NZ Police Briefing to the Incoming Minister, Mark Mitchell, proposed changes to the way NZ Police respond to family violence (referred to as family harm). The Briefing notes that police "...responding to social harm is displacing our focus on traditional visible policing" and "This is most clearly demonstrated by the continually increasing volume of family harm, mental health, and child protection calls, but also plays out in other areas like truancy, alcohol and drug abuse, and homelessness."
The Briefing identified 4 key opportunities to improve Police outcomes including:
“Supporting Police to re-focus on our core business and away from ‘expanded’ activities, particularly in the social domain, by supporting managed withdrawal and advocating for that role to be filled by others. For example, reducing Police’s role in mental health crisis response is a clear opportunity, as is right sizing our response to family harm.” (see page 9)
The Briefing also outlined a six-month proof of concept (POC) that ended in June 2023 aimed at improving response rates for “...non-urgent (priority two and below) family harm events.” The POC trialled a phone-based triage service to “...provide timely risk assessment of further harm and help identify the appropriate support required.”
The report, Family Harm Non-Emergency Triage (FHNT) evaluation report: September 2023, from the New Zealand Evidence Based Policing Centre shares findings from the POC evaluation. The report has not been publicly released. Seema Kotecha, Manager Family Harm Prevention at Police National Headquarters shared findings from the report and details about the new phone triage system in the April 2024 Systems Working Group meeting. For more information about the Systems Working Group, contact Te Puna Aonui at relationships@tepunaaonui.govt.nz.
Following the publication of the Police BIM, a number of sector advocates raised concerns about the possibility of Police reducing their role in responding to family violence call outs.
In comments made to RNZ, Women's Refuge chief executive Ang Jury said that "People don't invite police around just because they feel like a visit. They invite them around because they're scared." Jury also raised concerns about plans to extend the phone-based triaging service, commenting that "Family violence victims, will often underplay what it is that's happening for a variety of reasons and they may not necessarily be providing enough information for that call taker to triage effectively".
In a media statement responding to the release of the Police BIM, Dr Bonnie Robinson, CEO Presbyterian Support Northern which provides Shine family violence response service, said:
“Police are the only agency that has the authority to arrest and detain someone or de-escalate the situation and so potentially, they help protect children at the address as well.
Family violence is a huge issue for New Zealand and it’s important that we as a society address it effectively.
It’s difficult to see how the role of the Police could be filled by others as the Police suggest. Family violence happens 24/7 all year round. We can’t think of any other service that can fill that Police function without substantial investment and training. Let’s not forget, some women lose their lives to family violence every year. By being on the scene, Police are best placed to react, especially if they know how long the situation has been going on for or past history of the address.”
Legal academics Julie Tolmie and Carrie Leonetti have also raised concerns. See further commentary in the related media below.
Related research
To further explore victim | survivors experiences with police responses and help seeking, see the following resources:
- Victim-survivor feedback on the government's National Strategy and Action Plan to Eliminate Family Violence and Sexual Violence: summary of engagement processes (2022) by The Backbone Collective
- Victim-survivor perspectives on longer-term support after experiencing violence and abuse (2020) by The Backbone Collective
- Counting ourselves: the health and wellbeing of trans and non-binary people in Aotearoa New Zealand (2019) from the Transgender Health Research Lab at the University of Waikato
- Factors influencing help-seeking by those who have experienced intimate partner violence: results from a New Zealand population-based study (2021) by Zarintaj Malihi, Janet Fanslow, Ladan Hashemi, Pauline Gulliver, and Tracey McIntosh
- Seeking of help and support after experiencing sexual harm: considerations for cisgender women, cisgender men and gender-diverse people (2022) by Tess Patterson, Linda Hobbs, Gareth Treharne, and Melanie Beres
- Controlling behaviours and help-seeking for family violence (2023) and Patterns of victimisation by family members and help-seeking by victims (2022) from the Ministry of Justice using data from the New Zealand Crime and Victim Survey.
Update: Researchers from AUT published new research that explored the role of police in responding to mental distress in Aotearoa. The project gathered diverse stories of encounters with the police. The researchers also talked to police and spent time with frontline police officers to learn about their experiences of responding to mental health-related incidents. They have published 2 reports. The first one details the research findings and recommendations for change. The second report is a collection of whānau/citizen stories. Find more information and reports on the project website. Also see The Conversation article Police are frustrated with mental health callouts – here’s how to reduce their involvement and improve support from Katey Thom, one of the researchers.
Related media
Police minister can’t promise no more lives lost with policing changes, Stuff, 27.07.2024
Human Rights Review Tribunal orders police to pay sexual assault complainant $50,000, NZ Herald, 06.05.2024 (see the Human Rights Review Tribunal decision

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